U-M's stem cell study on ALS looks promising

barbara

Pioneer Founding member
July 07. 2010

Researchers hope to find spinal injections slow disease
Jim Lynch / The Detroit News

Researchers at the University of Michigan are seeing positive results from the earliest stages of experiments designed to determine whether stem cells can help patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) -- better known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
Five ALS patients who have had stem cells injected into their spines have shown no signs of rejecting them.
It's a project that is being closely monitored by people all over the country, including Macomb Township's Clarence Alexander.

The 65-year-old spent years at meat-packaging companies working jobs that called for physical labor. But now, the body that helped put food on his table has betrayed him. Two and a half years ago, while recuperating from back surgery, Alexander started to fall more and more often.
Doctors eventually diagnosed him with ALS, which affects brain control of the muscles. Yet he feels lucky.
"My disease isn't as aggressive as what some have," Alexander said. "For some people, it just kills them right away."
Like many with ALS, Alexander has high hopes for the stem cell work under way at the University of Michigan. Researchers are in the first stage of a study that will eventually determine if fetal stem cells can have an effect on ALS patients. So far, the results have been what the scientists had hoped for.
Since January, a joint team of researchers from the University of Michigan and Emory University in Atlanta has injected stem cells into the spines of five patients with ALS. The initial goal is to see if introducing those cells will cause the patients any problems.
"So far, there have been no problems with sensation," said Dr. Eva Feldman, director of the A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute on the University of Michigan campus, where the project was conceived. "There have been no untoward side effects."
The first three patients received five injections into one side of the lumbar region of the spine, with each dose carrying 50,000 stem cells. The next two, as well as a third patient who will be injected this month, received five shots on each side of the spine.
The surgical injection of the stem cells and clinical follow-up work is being conducted at Emory by Dr. Nicholas Boulis, who had worked with the Michigan team before moving to Atlanta. The research on the stem cells is being conducted in Ann Arbor.
A few years ago, this kind of work would not have been possible in Michigan. But two years ago, state voters approved a ballot measure allowing stem cell research. In the next year and a half, 18 people will be injected to further ensure the host bodies can safely accept stem cells.
At any time, 30,000 U.S. residents live with ALS. Most of those are between ages 40 and 75, across racial and gender divisions.
The disease attacks the motor neurons that carry the brain's impulses to the muscles. While the brain remains fully functional, the muscles deteriorate to the point where the body can no longer move or even breathe on its own.
Alexander has seen the effects firsthand.
"I can't walk," he said. "I can get out of my chair and stand for a bit -- about a minute or so. But I can't go to the bathroom by myself. Everything I do now, I have to have assistance."
Should phase one prove successful, a second test group will be brought in to determine what effect stem cells will have on the progression of ALS in patients.
Sue Burstein-Kahn, executive director of ALS of Michigan, a nonprofit group that supports research on the disease, said: "We are very excited about Eva Feldman's work and the potential for stem cells."
Positive results in the research could lead to a larger test group and, in a perfect world, widespread treatment that might delay or stop the spread of the disease.
It's a process that will take years to play out, even under the best circumstances. The test subjects realize any benefits derived from the research may come too late to help them. That's one reason Feldman holds them in such high esteem.
"We have the privilege of working with people in (the ALS) community," she said. "They are an amazing group. They have a debilitating and very difficult illness, but they've universally stepped forward to volunteer and become involved in the research. It may not help them, but they know it might help others in the future. And that inspires us."
 

Jeannine

Pioneer Founding member
ALS Clinical Trial to begin soon

Stem cell skeptics have been asking for years, where are the cures?

http://wwj.cbslocal.com/2010/10/04/stem-cell-cures-on-horizon-um-scientists-say/

Well, stick around. Spectacular cures may be coming soon, and they have a University of Michigan connection.

Dr. Eva Feldman, director of the University of Michigan?s A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, appeared with the billionaire industrialist at the World Stem Cell Summit to announce the first clinical trial of stem cell transplants to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig?s disease.

And Sean Morrison, director of the UM Center for Stem Cell Biology, spoke of research under way at his lab to target cancer stem cells for more effective cancer treatment.

?It?s an exciting time to be here in Michigan if you are a medical scientist,? Taubman told the Stem Cell Summit crowd. ?We are making important discovereies and moving research from the bench to the bedside.?

That starts with Feldman?s project, now under way at Emory University in Atlanta. So far, six ALS patients who can no longer walk have received stem cell injections. This month, if Emory?s Safety Monitoring Board approves, another round of injections will begin.

Feldman described in detail how pluripotent stem cells, which can grow into any type of human cell, are harvested from a microscopic human blastocyst at five days after sperm and egg come together. If the blastocyst reaches 14 days? gestation, it?s full of progenitor cells ? cells that ?know? they want to become a nerve cell or a muscle cell or a blood cell. Those are useful in therapy too.

Stem cells offer real hope for cures in neurological diseases like ALS, Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s and Huntington?s, Feldman said.

Her major area of research is ALS, in which the large nerve cells in the brain and spine become diseased, so muscles can?t move. Victims gradually lose the ability to move and speak, and eventually die when the nerves powering their breathing reflex fail ? all while their brains are still fully functioning. Scientists still don?t know what causes ALS, but it?s hoped that injecting stem cells into the diseased spine will help it regenerate healthy nerve cells. The injections have worked well in lab rats, Feldman said.

In the study at Emory, each patient gets 10 injections of 50,000 stem cells each ? still a practically microscopic injection ? in a four-hour operation.

Feldman showed a CNN interview with the first patient two weeks after his injections, and he said he felt strength coming back.

Feldman is overseeing the study in her role as a consultant for Neuralstem Inc., which has patented the neural stem cells and the surgical procedures and devices used to inject them.

Morrison, meanwhile, spoke of his work in researching cancer stem cells, the small number of cancer cells thought to be in control of cancer?s out-of-control growth and its ability to spread around the body.

?Cancer cells hijack the replication and navigation mechanisms normally used by stem cells,? Morrison said.

He said some nerve cell cancers and solid tumor cancers appear to be driven by cancer stem cells ? meaning all scientists need to do to cure the cancer is to kill or neutralize the cancer stem cells. Other cancers, like melanoma, appear driven by other mechanisms, so that every single cancer cell is dangerous and can grow out of control.

Morrison was among the leaders of the drive to pass Proposition 2, the 2008 ballot measure that enshrined the right to experiment with embryonic stem cells into Michigan?s constitution. He said legal battles remain over stem cells, which shows ?you can?t ever let your guard down, especially with such a motivated adversary.?

Taubman also pointed out that of Michigan?s original seven major party candidates for governor, five were against embryonic stem cell research and two were in favor. ?The two who were in favor both won their primaries, so you can vote confidently for either the Republican or the Democrat and know that you are voting in favor of medical science,? Taubman said. ?Of course, when that inevitable day comes when stem cell cures become a reality, the debate will be over.?

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